Bone is constantly undergoing formation & resorption (remodeling) with the two processes occurring in equal amounts. Markers with increased bone ... Read More »
Markers of Bone Turn Over
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Category Archives: Pathology
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is diagnosed from a liver biopsy showing moderate to gross macroves...
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Amyloidosis
Amyloidosis is a medical condition resulting from aggregation of extracellularly deposited abnormal ...
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Intracellular Accumulations
Intracellular accumulations include the following: 1. Water (hydropic change) 2. Fatty change:...
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Cellular Aging
Cellular death due to aging is caused by accumulation of injurious events and genetically controlled...
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Types of Necrosis
Necrosis may be coagulative, liquifactive, caseous, fat necrosis, gummatous necrosis or fibrinoid ne...
Causes of Osteomalacia
The causes of osteomalacia may be grouped into vitamin disorders, calcium deficiency, phosphate deficiency, disorders of bone matrix and inhibitors ... Read More »
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Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Major Classification of Osteopenia Osteoporosis Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteomalacia Malignancy Osteitis fibrosa Classification of osteoporosis 1. Senile 8. Genetic disorders 2. ... Read More »
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Causes of Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism may be primary or secondary. 1. Primary hyperparathyroidism a. Sporadic Causes · Solitary adenoma (commonest) · Cheif ... Read More »
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Causes of Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypocalcemia 1. Artifact (low serum albumin; rapid volume expansion) 2. Hypoparathyroidism 3. Pseudohypoparathyroidism 4. Postoperative resection of parathyroid ... Read More »
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Introduction to Body Calcium and Vitamin D
Calcium Calcium is a major constituent of bone and hence an important structural element in the body. Plasma Calcium The ... Read More »
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Hypoglycemia and its Causes
A working definition of clinical hypoglycaemia is a low blood glucose level less than 3.0 mmol/l, associated with characteristic, but ... Read More »
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Diagnostic Criteria and Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes is diagnosed if: a. HbA1C ≥ 6.5%, OR b. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l), OR c. ... Read More »
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Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
WHO Definition of Diabetes Mellitus A state of chronic hyperglycaemia which may result from genetic or environmental factors often acting ... Read More »
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Causes of Hyperglycemia
Fasting blood glucose level higher than 126 mg/dl or 7.0 mmol/l is labeled as hyperglycemia. Fasting hyperglycaemia may occur in ... Read More »
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